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What is polyethylene (PE) and what is it used for?
It is a thermoplastic polymer with variable crystallinity, and depending on the type, it has a wide range of applications. Plasticine is one of the most widely produced plastics on the planet, with tens of millions of tons produced worldwide each year, making it the most abundant. PE's commercial process (the Ziegler-Natta catalysts) was developed in the 1950s by two scientists from different countries: Karl Ziegler from Germany and Giulio Natta from Italy.
Polyethylene is available in a variety of forms, each of which is best suited for a specific set of applications. In general, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is much more crystalline than Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), and it is frequently used in situations that are completely different from those of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE). For example, low density polyethylene (LDPE) is widely used in plastic packaging, such as grocery bags and plastic wrap. HDPE, on the other hand, is commonly used in the construction industry (for example, in the fabrication of drain pipes). Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMW) is a high-performance polymer that is used in a variety of applications, including medical devices and bulletproof vests.
The properties of polyethylene are as follows:
Now that we understand what polyethylene is used for, let's take a look at some of its most important characteristics. In terms of how the plastic reacts to heat, PE is classified as a “thermoplastic” (as opposed to a “thermoset”). When thermoplastic materials reach their melting point (110-130 degrees Celsius in the case of LDPE and HDPE, respectively), they become liquid. The ability of thermoplastics to be heated to their melting point, cooled, and reheated without significant degradation is a useful property. Instead of burning, thermoplastics such as polyethylene liquefy, making it possible to easily injection molding them and then recycle them. Thermoset plastics, on the other hand, can only be heated once (usually during the injection molding process). The first heating causes thermoset materials to set (similar to a 2-part epoxy), resulting in a chemical change that cannot be reversed. If you tried to heat a thermoset plastic to a high temperature a second time, it would burn. Because of this property, thermoset materials are poor candidates for recycling.
What is the process by which PE is created?
Similarly to other plastics, polyethylene begins with the distillation of hydrocarbon fuels (in this case, ethane) into lighter groups known as "fractions," some of which are then combined with other catalysts to produce plastics (typically via polymerization or polycondensation). Polyethylene is a thermoplastic material that can be recycled. You can learn more about the process by reading this article.
How a locksmith would go about picking cylinder lockHow a locksmith would go about picking cylinder lockTaking measurements for a new door or replacing an old cylinder lock is a quick and simple procedure.
To determine which measures to take based on your specific scenario, look to the diagram. A cylinder with two equal lengths is required when the dimensions of A and B are the same. A cylinder with an offset is required if they are different.
1. The first step is to measure an existing cylinder lock.
No need to remove the present lock from the door in order to take measurements for a replacement euro cylinder! This can be accomplished by starting at step 3 of the guidelines provided below: Additionally, you can take the lock apart to get a measurement. This can be accomplished by beginning with step 1. If your lock requires a key to be opened, you'll also need it.
2. Depress the cylinder's release button
A central screw, which is placed on the facing edge of the door, holds the cylinders in place when they have been installed. To release the cylinder, unscrew this screw.
3. Take the cylinder out of the equation!
Depending on whether your lock requires a key, you will need to insert and spin the key to check that it is aligned with the cam and flush against the cylinder. Then enter the key into the cylinder from one end, turn the key roughly 45 degrees left or right (depending on which side of the key you insert) and pull the cylinder out of the keyhole.
If your lock is a keyless thumb-turn euro cylinder, proceed to step 1 and simply turn the thumb-turn slightly while carefully taking the cylinder out of the lock.
Read more: How a locksmith would go about picking cylinder lock
4. Take the cylinder's diameter into consideration.
You will need to take two measurements in order to accurately measure the cylinder lock. Start by taking a measurement from one end of the cylinder to another and dividing it by two. This measurement is known as exterior size to center (A). The method should be repeated for the other side in order to get the internal size to be in the center (B).
5. Do not forget to check your work twice before submitting it.
If you want to be sure your calculations are accurate, measure the total length and make sure it equals the sum of A and B
A new door is being measured up.
Taking measurements for a new door requires measuring the width of the door and any door furniture such as handlesets or escutcheons that will be installed on the door.
1. Take a measurement from the outside to the center of the outside.
You should take a measurement from the outside border of the door, including any furniture, to its center point (see illustration). Measurement A is as follows:
2. Take the internal size from the center out and multiply it
Then, to obtain dimension B, take a measurement from the inner border of your door, including the furniture, to the center of your door.
3. Measure the entire length to make sure everything is in working order before you start.
Take measurements from the outside edge of the door to the inner edge of the door, including any furniture, to double-check your measurements. You should be able to add A and B together to get an overall length that equals the sum of the two.