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The synthesis of a DNA chain from deoxyribonucleotides involves a series of enzymatic processes and molecular interactions.

Deoxyribonucleotide Formation:

• Deoxyribonucleotides are obtained by the reduction of ribose already incorporated into nucleotides. Nucleoside diphosphate molecules (ADP, GDP) are used as substrates synthesis 80532-66-7, and the reaction is catalyzed by ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, a multienzyme complex present in all cells and active only when DNA is synthesized

Ribonucleotide Reductase:

• Ribonucleotide reductase is responsible for maintaining a balanced supply of the deoxyribonucleotides required for DNA synthesis. The enzyme's regulation is complex, involving allosteric sites that regulate substrate specificity, allowing the conversion of different species of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides as needed for DNA synthesis

DNA Polymerase Activity:

• Enzymes that catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotides to a growing chain of DNA are called DNA polymerases. These enzymes add nucleotides to a growing DNA chain exclusively in a 5' to 3' direction, which is inherent in the chemical mechanism of DNA polymerization

DNA Replication:

• During DNA replication, the addition of deoxyribonucleotides to the 3' end of a polynucleotide chain is the fundamental reaction by which DNA is synthesized. The RNA primers are replaced by DNA, and the gaps are filled in by deoxyribonucleotides, leading to the formation of a phosphodiester linkage between the nucleotides

In summary, the synthesis of a DNA chain from deoxyribonucleotides involves the reduction of ribose, the regulation of ribonucleotide reductase, and the activity of DNA polymerases during DNA replication.