Elemental and methylmercury are toxic to the central and peripheral
nervous systems. The inhalation of mercury vapour can produce harmful
effects on the nervous, digestive and immune systems, lungs and kidneys,
and may be fatal. The inorganic salts of mercury are corrosive to the
skin, eyes and gastrointestinal tract, and may induce kidney toxicity if
ingested.To get more news about
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Neurological and behavioural disorders may be observed after inhalation,
ingestion or dermal exposure of different mercury compounds. Symptoms
include tremors, insomnia, memory loss, neuromuscular effects, headaches
and cognitive and motor dysfunction. Mild, subclinical signs of central
nervous system toxicity can be seen in workers exposed to an elemental
mercury level in the air of 20 μg/m3 or more for several years. Kidney
effects have been reported, ranging from increased protein in the urine
to kidney failure.
How to reduce human exposure from mercury sources
There are several ways to prevent adverse health effects, including
promoting clean energy, stopping the use of mercury in gold mining,
eliminating the mining of mercury and phasing out non-essential
mercury-containing products.
Promote the use of clean energy sources that do not burn coal
Burning coal for power and heat is a major source of mercury. Coal
contains mercury and other hazardous air pollutants that are emitted
when the coal is burned incoal-fired power plants, industrial boilers
and household stoves.
Eliminate mercury mining, and use of mercury in gold extraction and other industrial processes
Mercury is an element that cannot be destroyed; therefore, mercury
already in use can be recycled for other essential uses, with no further
need for mercury mining. Mercury use in artisanal and small-scale gold
mining is particularly hazardous, and health effects on vulnerable
populations are significant. Non-mercury (non-cyanide) gold-extraction
techniques need to be promoted and implemented, and where mercury is
still used safer work practices need to be employed to prevent
exposure.A range of actions are being taken to reduce mercury levels in
products, or to phase out mercury-containing products. In health care,
mercury-containing thermometers and sphygmomanometers are being replaced
by alternative devices.
Dental amalgam is used in almost all countries. A 2009 WHO expert
consultation concluded that a global near-term ban on amalgam would be
problematic for public health and the dental health sector, but a phase
down should be pursued by promoting disease prevention and alternatives
to amalgam; research and development of cost-effective alternatives;
education of dental professionals and the raising of public awareness.
Inorganic mercury is added to some skin-lightening products in
significant amounts. Many countries have banned mercury-containing
skin-lightening products because they are hazardous to human health.
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