The synthesis of a DNA chain from deoxyribonucleotides involves a series of enzymatic processes and molecular interactions.
Deoxyribonucleotide Formation:
- Deoxyribonucleotides
are obtained by the reduction of ribose already incorporated into
nucleotides. Nucleoside diphosphate molecules (ADP, GDP) are used as
substrates synthesis 80532-66-7, and the reaction is catalyzed by ribonucleoside diphosphate
reductase, a multienzyme complex present in all cells and active only
when DNA is synthesized
Ribonucleotide Reductase:
- Ribonucleotide
reductase is responsible for maintaining a balanced supply of the
deoxyribonucleotides required for DNA synthesis. The enzyme's regulation
is complex, involving allosteric sites that regulate substrate
specificity, allowing the conversion of different species of
ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides as needed for DNA synthesis
DNA Polymerase Activity:
- Enzymes
that catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotides to a growing chain
of DNA are called DNA polymerases. These enzymes add nucleotides to a
growing DNA chain exclusively in a 5' to 3' direction, which is inherent
in the chemical mechanism of DNA polymerization
DNA Replication:
- During
DNA replication, the addition of deoxyribonucleotides to the 3' end of a
polynucleotide chain is the fundamental reaction by which DNA is
synthesized. The RNA primers are replaced by DNA, and the gaps are
filled in by deoxyribonucleotides, leading to the formation of a
phosphodiester linkage between the nucleotides
In summary, the synthesis of a DNA chain from deoxyribonucleotides involves the reduction of ribose, the regulation of ribonucleotide reductase, and the activity of DNA polymerases during DNA replication.
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